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CONTENTS |
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| CONTENTS:- I. Introduction: 1. Background; 2. Meaning and rationale; 3. Gender blindness; 4. New interests: women (gender), land and water rights; 5. Women and irrigation studies; 6. The need for 'Engendering' irrigation studies; 7. Methodology of the gender impact study; 8. Content and aims of the gender impact studies; 9. Organization of this volume; II. From heroines to women beneficiaries: historical context: 1. History, gender and development; 2. Gender varieties, communities and class; 3. Background and portraits of farm women; III. The project: gender history: 1. The project area; 2. The North Bengal Terai Development Project; 3. Gender history of the project; 4. Gender activities in the project; IV. Basic gender data and status of women in the family and community: 1. Gender, class and community; 2. Sex-ratio, age, mortality and motherhood; 3. Kinship, residence, inheritance, marriage, dowries; 4. Household size and composition, female headed households; 5. Education; V. General achievements, gender-wise labour participation and domestication: 1. General socio-economic impact of the Terai irrigation project; 2. Changes in the occupational pattern of women in the in-depth study; 3. Participation of women in own farm production in the sample survey; 4. Perception of women of their agricultural activities in comparison with men; 5. Other cash earning work of women; VI. Impact of irrigation on workload, division of household labour and gender-wise demand for wage labour: 1. Is there more work for women? 2. Changes in the gender division of household labour? 3. Domestic labour and division of labour; 4. Changing perceptions of types of work? 5. Demand for wage labour according to gender; VII. Irrigation and its impact on landless women: 1. The meaning of being landless; 2. The landless women in the in-depth study; 3. Is there more employment for landless women due to irrigation? 4. Gender ideology in employment; 5. Landless labourers of the sample survey; 6. Managing a household; 7. Perception of landless labourers of effects of irrigation; 8. Looking at the future; VIII. Irrigation and empowerment: 1. Operationalization of empowerment; 2. Changing attitudes to wage labour; 3. Control of women's earned money; 4. Who is going to the market? 5. Who decides in agricultural matters? 6. Who decides in family matters? 7. Changing perceptions of agricultural problems; 8. Politics and role of women Panchayat members; IX. From mandays to persondays: impact of gender activities: 1. Gender awareness of male government staff; 2. A tribute to handpumps; 3. Farm women training; 4. Women extension workers; 5. Gender and water users' committees; 6. Construction work and female landless labourers; 7. Privatization and sustainability; X. From beneficiaries to heroines?: 1. Back to emancipation? 2. Summary findings on gender impact; 3. Concrete gender achievements; 4. Behind the coulisse: coordination and cooperation; 5. From handpump beneficiaries to heroines? Annexures; Bibliography; Index. |
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DESCRIPTION |
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| The impact study in this book shows that an 'old-fashioned' bi-lateral (between the Indian and Dutch Government) small scale irrigation project, namely the North Bengal Terai Project, has been very successful in its Phase II. What is more important is that the impact study shows that the project contributed to the empowerment of women of marginal and small farmers' households. The installment of simple handpumps has improved the income and health of families and has relieved the women of household drudgery. An increase in decision-making power of women in household- and agricultural matters has been found. The accomplishments have been achieved without any involvement of (women's) NGO's. The underlying wisdom of the success of the project is embedded in the historical context of the farm households in the project area and the autonomy, political ideology and high gender and social awareness of the implementing government staff. |
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